If an ATM gives out too much money can the bank ask for it back?
Absolutely. This can happen if during maintenance the wrong denomination of bills are loaded. As an example, some ATMs dispense $10 and $20 bills. If these get mixed up, the customer withdrawing $20 and receiving only $10 will ask for their additional $10 that was debited from their account. The machine only knows it is to dispense one bill from one tray. It doesn't know the value of the bill.
ATMs record all the transactions and in the example above they would know when the maintenance error occurred. All transactions after that and up until the machine was shut down would be subject to correction because they would know about the error.
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