I understand from what I've been reading about deposit insurance on trust accounts that if the bank fails, they are insured up to $100,000 per qualified beneficiary, such as children or grandchildren. What I want to know is whether that means that the FDIC gives the deposit insurance check to the beneficiary?
No. The beneficiaries in such a situation don't receive the proceeds of any payout from the FDIC unless a triggering event, such as the death of the depositor or the trustee occurs. If the depositor or trustee is still alive, any FDIC payments will go to the owner of the account, not to the beneficiaries.
If the account owner is an individual or individuals, the account isn't a true trust, but is set up as a revocable "pay on death" account, and then the FDIC payment would go to the individual or individuals. If the account owner is a true trust, the payout would go to the trust.
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I understand from what I've been reading about 
No. The beneficiaries in such a situation don't receive the proceeds of any payout from the FDIC unless a triggering event, such as the death of the depositor or the trustee occurs. If the depositor or trustee is still alive, any FDIC payments will go to the owner of the account, not to the beneficiaries.