I have a checking account and business loan with the same bank. Can the bank withdraw or transfer money out of my checking account to cover money that I owe for the business loan without my permission?
If you have individual liability on the debt and ownership in the deposit account, yes. Your deposit agreement and loan papers both should allow for setoff. This means that if you have a debt and a deposit there, they can take the deposit and pay the loan.
If your deposit account is yours individually, and the loan is to a business entity without your individual liability, no, they couldn't. These would be two different entities.
Communicate with your bank. They'd only do this transfer if the loan was past due or if you had agreed in advance to use this as the "from" account for loan payments. If your payment is going to be late, call your bank, explain why and make alternative payment arrangements. Your first inclination may be to separate your loans and deposits in different banks. This is not recommended, as some banks require that you have the deposit account to get a loan there, and you may well get better loan terms because of your overall account relationship.
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If you have individual liability on the debt and ownership in the deposit account, yes. Your 