If I simply cash a check that is made out to me instead of depositing it, is there a record of the transaction associated with my account?
If you cash a check at your bank that is not drawn on your account, no, there is no record. The check doesn't clear through your account. Your bank account number, or an abbreviation of it, is likely noted on the back of that check though. If it failed to clear the account it was drawn on, the payment would be reversed and that is how your bank would identify you and your account.
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