It's too late for your bank to return the checks. And your bank has an excellent counter to your claim of unauthorized payments. By allowing transactions over your business partner's signature, you in effect could be said to have ratified the payments. You only get a reasonable time to enter claims for unauthorized payments of this type. And "reasonable" could be as little as 30 days from when the first unauthorized payment showed up in a statement.
If you have an attorney friend, ask him or her to discuss your case with you in light of the Uniform Commercial Code, section 4-406, as enacted in your state.
And by the way, not to rub salt in your wounds, but isn't it a bit ironic that you expect the bank to have caught the unauthorized signatures when even you thought your partner was authorized to sign on the account?