The simple answer is that there is no "safe" period to wait. If the money orders are stolen, altered or counterfeit, the US Postal Service does not have to adhere to the conventional return deadlines for checks in the Uniform Commercial Code, and the money orders could get rejected and returned several weeks after being deposited. In practice, the Postal Service is fairly quick with such returns.
If you received the money orders in a scam -- such as a mystery shopper or work-at-home fraud -- you can be assured they will be counterfeit, and when they are ultimately returned unpaid to your bank or credit union, you will have to cover them.