The bank receives provisional credit on the item from its Federal Reserve Bank that it uses to clear the check. The bank credits its depositor for the funds. As the Federal Reserve clears millions of items every day, it does not track funds from an individual check going between the bank of deposit or drawee bank.
First Anon, it may not have been your bank that "lost" an item. It passed from your bank to the Fed or other bank that offers check clearing services, and finally to the drawee bank. There are several places along the way for an individual item to be misrouted. (An unfortunate consequence of this being a human process.)
Review Section 4 of the
Uniform Commercial Code to determine what your rights are and what the bank's right are.
If you feel your bank has been negligent, you may need to retain the services of an attorney to prove your case. As noted above, there are several instituions along the way that could have contributed to the delay in the check clearing process.
As has also been noted in many other threads, your recourse should be with the individual who gave you the bad check.