Mr. Chase was, among other things, Secretary of the Treasury under President Lincoln. He championed the National Banking and Currency Acts in the 1860's. He resigned in 1864, and Lincoln appointed him Chief Justice of the Supreme Court later that year. He presided over the impeachment trial of Andrew Jackson.
He was not a founder of Chase Manhattan Bank, although Chase National Bank, one of its predecessors, was named for him (according to
Answers.com).
According to a Q&A on Treasury's
website, Chase's portrait appears on the $10,000 bill, which was the largest denomination formerly in circulation. Woodrow Wilson's likeness, however, appeared on the $100,000 note, which never circulated, but was used in inter-bank settlements.